Abstract
The paper deals with
plasma destruction of hazardous wastes (used coolants). The
experimental stand
with equipment for plasma generation is presented. In the paper
amperage-voltage characteristics and electric power in function of
amperage are
introduced. The influence of hydrogen stream in plasma gases on plasma
destruction process is examined too. In the end of the paper the
experimental
results are summarized.
Vegetable
oil and used vegetable oil as feed for
production of fatty acids methyl esters (fame)
(in polish)
Wawrzyniak R., Fall J.,
Wasiak W.
Abstract
The Chapter
presents the basic problems related to the use of pure and used (after
the use
for frying) vegetable oils as initial products for obtaining fatty
acids methyl
esters (FAME) being a biocomponent added to diesel oil. The main
reaction used
for production of these esters that is transesterification by methanol,
has
been discussed. Possible variants of the reaction are described and
critically
analysed. Moreover, a review of the analytical methods used to control
the
process of transesterification and the products purity has been
presented.
At present
FAME can be produced not only from rapeseed oil but also from the oil
obtained
from coconut, maize, linseed, rice, sesame, sunflower, soybean,
grapeseed,
cucurbit seeds, which means that the qualitative and quantitative
characterisation of FAME becomes an important problem.
The study
presented was concerned with analysis of the contents of mono-, di- and
trigliceride and glycerol in the products of transesterification of the
above
mentioned vegetable oils. Determinations were made by gas
chromatography using
a capillary column 5HT made by Quadrex and 1,2,4-butanetriol and
1,2,3-tricaproylglycerol as internal standards. Prior to the analysis
the
components to be determined were subjected to derivatisation with
N-methyl-N-trimethylsilyltrifluoroacetamide.
The effect of the chemical composition of the oils studied on
the
character of the process of transesterification was also analysed.
Abstract
This work presents one of the possibilities of
dealing with waste from meat industry. There is presented process of
production
of meat-bone meal, which includes three main stages: preliminary
dealing
(sterilization of material), drying of material (separation of part of
the fat
included in material), filtration of partly dried and defatted material
(separation of rest of the fat). This work also presents the analysis
of
meat-bone meal samples and its ashes.
Abstract
Medical
waste utilization could cause serious environmental impact – mainly
because of
its compositions and inhomogeneous structure. The most widespread
method of
special waste utilization is incineration.
Installation
created for medical waste incineration should be designed in way that
ensure
the highest possible level of environmental protection.
In the article
case study of waste incineration installation working in
Abstract
In
It in this
article will be discuss the collection condition and recycling of
municipal
wastes, costs of the logging and
utilization the municipal wastes as substitutes of raw materials
processes.
Abstract
The latest changes of regulations on waste
management have also significantly altered the approach to reuse and
recycling
of packaging waste, considerably rising the importance of their
energetic
utilization. Such method of waste utilization is however hedged about
by
detailed regulations, which results in searching for various solutions
to
enable burning of waste in the most ecologically effective way, when
given
legal limitations are considered. It has been described in this paper
the
possible influence of actual legal solutions on building and operation
of
logistic packaging waste management systems, in which thermal
conversions is an
important element of the system.
Municipal
solid waste incineration – case study
Pikoń K.,
Galica K.
Abstract
MSW
utilization could cause serious environmental impact. The most
widespread
method of special waste utilization is landfill. That form will be
restricted
in the closest future due to EU regulations – mainly Landfill
Directive. To
meet EU requirements in
In the
article case study of MSW incineration plant in
Thermal
utilization of poplar chips in the central heating boiler
(in english)
Juszczak M.
Abstract
Thermal
utilization of poplar chips, obtained
from tree branches sanitary cutting in the city, was conducted in the
boiler of
25 kW heat power, which was working with the help of
the 900
heat storage. The thermal utilization was carrier out as a two
step
process: pyrolisis and combustion of wooden gas. Following parameters
were
measured every three minutes: temperature in pyrolisis zone of the
combustion
chamber and in the region where wooden gas was
burnt; temperature, carbon monoxide, nitric oxide and dust
concentrations and air excess rate in flue gases in the stack.
Thermocouples
and gas analyzer with electrochemical cells were used for this purpose. Temperature and volume stream rate of the
boiler water, heat power and heat carried by boiler water, were
measured using
ultrasonic heat meter. Heat efficiency was calculated. Experiments were
performed for several portions of the fuel, added manually to the
boiler, which
was previously preheated.
Abstract
In the
paper problems of catalytic agents mounted on different carriers have
been
presented. Described experiments were based on the stand equipped with
tube
(diameter