VOL. 12 issue 1 (2010)
Full
text of each
article is
available in PDF format. CD with full texts could be ordered on our web
site.
All articles have been reviewed by the members of Scientific Board.
Environmental impact of aluminum
packaging waste recycling
Pikoń K., Pompa Ł.
(in Polish)
Abstract
Packaging waste recycling seems to be one of the most important
challenges for future waste management systems. It could be the source
of significant environmental relief. In the manuscript some information
about state of art in Al production are quoted. On the basis of LCA the
analysis of environmental impact of production processes of aluminum
can from virgin raw materials and secondary ones are presented.
Synthesis
of zeolites basing on fly ashes taken from heat-power plant
Żygadło M., Seweryn A.,
Woźniak M.
(in Polish)
Abstract
Natural zeolites are used in numerous economic branches. Their
limited resources make it nercessary for researchers to look for
synthetic products. The chemical composition of fly ash are similar to
those of zeolites they can be used as raw material for zeolite
synthesis. The aim of the research was to assess feasibility of zeolite
synthesis from fly ashe by chemical conversion method. For that
purpose hard coal fly ash collected from under electrofilters of
coal-fired power plants in Kielce, Rzeszów and Lublin was used.The
effect of chemical activation of ash upon its sorption properties was
investigated. Chemical conversion method consisted in treatment
of fly ash with NaOH solution in determined temperature and pressure
conditions. The morphology of fly ash grains before and after
modification was examined by scanning electron microscope. The
influence of structural changes of single fly ash grains upon their
sorption properties was evaluated. The adsorption level was tested on a
model test-stand by spectophotometric method with methylene blue.
Energy
and emission effects of the wood board waste combustion in the small
boiler
Wasielewsk R., Hrycko P.,
(in Polish)
Abstract
The problems concerning combustion of wood boards (fibreboards;
MDF and HDF) in small boiler installations have been presented. Wood
boards contain about 90 % w/w of pure wood. However to the production
of these materials synthetic binders are used, which can cause emission
threat during combustion. Conducted tests of wood board waste showed
that they contain much more (over 20 times) of nitrogen than typical
biomasses. It was stated over twice higher emission levels of nitric
oxides during combustion of wood board in comparison to typical wood
biomass.
Influence
of the sewage sludge properties on the composition of the gasification
gas
Werle S.
(in Polish)
Abstract
Currently, the predominant method for the disposal of sewage sludge is
its storage and agricultural application. However, the legislation
taking effect in the next few years will effectively block these
avenues of sewage-sludge disposal. Therefore, effective methods of
thermal sewage-sludge utilization must be developed. The paper presents
the results of equilibrium calculations of gasification process for
different sewage sludge. A theoretical analysis of the influence of the
main factors (elementary composition of the fuel and air excess ratio
λ) on the composition of the gas obtained in the autothermal
gasification process was conducted. The calculations were carried out
for several types of sewage sludge. It was assumed, that the quantity
of air, used as a gasification factor, conveyed to the process was such
that the ratio of excess air was in the range 0.30-0.55.
Physical
and chemical properties of the waste mix of polyolefines group
Czop M., Kozielska B.
(in Polish)
Abstract
The article presents installations for the transformation of plastics
waste into regranulated product. Obtained product is a mix of
polyolefines group wastes. Plastic wastes are acquired maliny from the
municipal waste storting plant and individual collecting from the
people. A minor percentage consists of the post-production wastes.
Final product is a desintegrated mix of plastics of the polyolefines
group, which serves as an additive to the production processes. The
article presents test results of the obtained plastics waste. The
performed analyses were divided into groups regarding: physical,
thermal and chemical properties. Analysed Samales of waste were taken
for tests from company Ekopartner – Silesia Sp. z o.o.
On The
Utilization Of The Glycerin Fraction – A Side Product of Biofuel
Production from Vegetable Oils
Sulewski M., Urbaniak W., Wasiak W.
(in English)
Abstract
The glyceric fraction, forming as a side product in the process of
production of biodiesel from plant oils, does not consist, how it
results from many popular papers, of practically glycerine only but is
a complex mixture of many substances, including toxic ones, and the
glycerine content does not usually exceed 50%. In this paper the
results of research on the influence of the kind of raw material, the
quantity and kind of catalyst and the conditions of transesterification
process on the quantity and composition of glyceric fraction.
Content of heavy metals in ashes after
burning biomass briquette
Czop M., Kajda-Szcześniak M.
(in English)
Abstract
The article presents the research of heavy metals content, such as zinc
(Zn), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni)
and cobalt (Co), in the ashes which are created as a result of thermal
processes. The analysed samples of the ashes are remains after burning
biomass briquettes, which consist mainly of: oat, wheat-rye and corn
with approx. 5% of the plastics. The additive of the plastics – low
density (PE-LD), fulfils the function of the binding material in the
briquette. The aim of the presented results is to specify positive or
negative impact of the ashes on the natural environment during their
storage or management by the use for, for example, construction
purposes, shaping the ground area, land leveling. The results obtained
are presented in graphic form.